Suchergebnisse

Abstract The interest of academic society in analysing professional youth expectations and comparing them with labour market demand is natu­ral since the role of uni­versi­ties in the creation of knowledge society as well as the ini­tiation and implementation of regional changes is growing. Such researches help to determi­ne youth career counselling and advi­ce, and marketing orientations in insti­tu­tions of higher edu­cation as the lack of prognosis of long-term si­tu­ation in labour market is felt. The article presents the survey dealing with the schoolchildren's from higher grades in secondary schools as well as gymnasiums in North-western Lithu­ania interest in areas of stu­dies. 2957 children from higher grades in 83 schools were interviewed in au­tumn 2010 – spring 2011. The results indi­cate that the effect on the children's interest is made by the type of school, class or, in sporadic cases, the region.

Abstract The interest of academic society in analysing professional youth expectations and comparing them with labour market demand is natu­ral since the role of uni­versi­ties in the creation of knowledge society as well as the ini­tiation and implementation of regional changes is growing. Such researches help to determi­ne youth career counselling and advi­ce, and marketing orientations in insti­tu­tions of higher edu­cation as the lack of prognosis of long-term si­tu­ation in labour market is felt. The article presents the survey dealing with the schoolchildren's from higher grades in secondary schools as well as gymnasiums in North-western Lithu­ania interest in areas of stu­dies. 2957 children from higher grades in 83 schools were interviewed in au­tumn 2010 – spring 2011. The results indi­cate that the effect on the children's interest is made by the type of school, class or, in sporadic cases, the region.

Recovery and resilience, the ability to operate under the conditions of uncertainty– these challenges are now becoming the key tasks for each organisation. The research of the organisation's concept of resilience is primarily linked to ecological sciences, followed by studies in social sciences linked to vulnerability and resilience of social groups, communities, cities, and organizations as systems. The efforts of scientists to develop the analysis, measurement instruments of resilience, observable resilience indicators systems, indices, regional vulnerability maps, development of regional resilience policies, etc. are visible. Scientists indicate thatresilienceis a complex ability and process and can be defined differently, depending on the contexts, but all of them are united by the notion that it is apositiveeffect in preparing for or after challenges, that it must be encouraged (Lee et al., 2016). The organisation's theoretical concept of resilience is not widely developed and there is a lack of information on how organisations become resilient.The research aims to define the concept of organisation's resilience, its features and factors as well as to reveal the concept of the resilience of hospitals in the theoretical context of the resilience of the organisation. The following research methods were used: the analysis, generalization and systematization of the content of scientific literature, synthesis of ideas based on scientific analysis.The definition of the concept of organisation's resilience is based on a previous empirical research conducted by Barasa et al. (2018) as well as on the latest scientific insights: According to Jucevičius et al. (2017), resilience as the ability to regain strength after changes or errors is conceptually different from the concept of robustness, which describes systems that ignore environmental impacts. The resilience of an organization is the intrinsic ability of an organization to maintain and return to a dynamically stable state. It is the maintenance of resources in a sufficiently flexible form to allow them to be spontaneously adapted in the event of an unforeseen threat. Continuous harmonisation of the monitoring of small errors with improvisation provides employees with expert and wider competencies for more flexible adaptation. The idea proposed by Gricevičius (2019) to link the resilience of the organization to the ability to survive and even thrive during a crisis supports the idea of Gečienė and Raišienė (2019, 2020) that the resilience of the organization should be understood more as a capacity and process than a result, and as adaptation rather than stability (Gečienė et al., 2020). Insight into the fact that we are constantly strengthening the resilience of organisations by adapting to changes at three levels: the potential of the resources available in the system, participants in the internal communication system and variables, creative and flexible responses to the challenges (Holling and Gunderson, 2002, cited in Gečienė, 2020); that the resilience of the organisation must be perceived as a long-term goal (Litz, 2005, cited in Gečienė, 2020). Beuran and Santos (2019) consider that three definitions are important in the organisation's conceptualisation of resilience: resilience as an organisational characteristic; resilience as a result of the organisation's activities; resilience as an identification of disorders that the organisation can tolerate. The theoretical concept of organization's resilience is developed by defining external and internal factors of resilience. The external factors of the resilience of public sector organisations include the following: 1) political factors that directly or indirectly influence organisations' involvement in a greater focus on the organisation's sustainable development, unforeseen challenges in the long term; 2) economic factors (e.g. availability of financial resources); 3) technological factors (e.g. availability of hardware and software; digital progress), social factors (e.g. decentralisation as management practice in the public sector, coordination of systems, greater awareness of resilience in society, etc.). Disseminating the experience of business organisations in adapting to challenges in the media has also become a social factor.According to scientific practice (Barasa et al. (2018); Gečienė (2020)),toanalysethepassiveandactiveresilienceoftheorganisation,we have divided the internal factors of the organization's resilience into two groups: 1.Passive or operational, adaptive resilience of the organisation. The factors are as follows: 1) prudent management of public (physical, economic, organisational, social, human) capital, assets held or entrusted with management; management of organisational change management, absorption, adaptability, reconstruction capacity is essential; 2) a balanced organisational routine and structure; 3) management and continuous improvement of internal information and communication systems; 4) management (managerial) practices; 5) organizational culture.2.Active or planned, strategic, otherwise capability-oriented resilience of the organization. The factors are as follows: 1) the organisation's resilience planning, strategy; 2) the organisation's external policy focused on strengthening resilience; 3) continuous involvement in the analysis, application, development of managerial innovations; 4) leadership and continuous improvement of the organisation's resilience competencies.Hospitals are organisations whose management is subject to the same managerial principles as in budgetary institutions in general, and therefore the analyzed resilience features of organizations are also applicable to hospitals. Due to the specific purpose of organisations (human health is one of the most important values, health care is a constitutionally justified objective and public interest) and relevance during the 2020–2021 pandemic, there is an increase in the discourse of the scientific resilience of the health system, driven also by increased interaction between politicians, scientists and medical professionals. The resilience of the health system and individual health care institutions is becoming a priority objective of public policy, and the issue of resilience is linked not only to post-crisis recovery but also to the active prospect of resilience– to be prepared for future challenges. In addition to adaptive and planned resilience in the discourse of health system, science activates a discussion on the concept of everyday resilience, as hospitals have to deal with unforeseen challenges every day, the consequences of which can affect patients. ; Straipsnyje apibrėžiamos organizacijos pažeidžiamumo ir atsparumo sampratos, organizacijos atsparumo bruožai ir veiksniai (išoriniai ir vidiniai), aktualizuojamas pasyviojo (adaptacinio, operacinio) ir aktyviojo (planuojamo, strateginio, į galimybes orientuoto) atsparumo didinimo derinimas organizacijos valdyme. Teoriniame organizacijos atsparumo sampratos kontekste gryninamas ligoninės atsparumo nenumatytiems įvykiams konceptas, pristatant pandemijos iššauktus empirinius ir viešosios politikos įgyvendinimo priemonių analizės diskursus.

Public libraries, which are undergoing technological and socio-cultural changes, today become centres of socialization of communities, creating social and cultural well-being, therefore, their effective management becomes the object of research. This is also relevant in the implementation of public policy: strategic documents ("Europe 2030", "Lithuania 2030"), which guide public sector bodies to achieve a sustainable economy, also actualize the ability to anticipate the necessary changes in the organization.In addition to the usual long-term strategic goals (providing high-quality various services, programs, resources to people of all ages; developing existing collections; creating an environment that responds to community needs and promotes creativity), municipal libraries aim to strengthen the institution's management and develop local communities. Due to COVID-19, the revised strategic plans of public libraries of the Republic of Lithuania have made the accessibility aspect of services even more relevant. Long-term goals testify to the need for strategic change, at the same time raise the problematic questions: what are the essential aspects of science in the management of strategic change in the municipal public library? What is the situation of strategic change management in Lithuanian municipal public libraries? The research aims to practically investigate the situation of strategic change management in Lithuanian municipal public libraries and to discern the aspects to be improved.Based on the scientific literature, we define strategic change as significant fundamental changes in the organization aimed at positive change: to eliminate shortcomings, negative consequences and take on new challenges inherent in the organization's strategy. They are always linked to the strategic goals of the organization, are changing or touching the entire organization, requiring strategic and change management competencies.The strategic changes implemented in the libraries of the Republic of Lithuania in this decade are more attributable to adaptation or evolution, as there are changes in sustainable growth. According to the hierarchical structural model, strategic administrative (changes in management structures, processes) or strategic functional changes (e.g. changes in personnel, financial management strategy, etc.) are usually initiated in the municipal public libraries themselves. Strategic political and strategic changes in work are mainly driven by politicians. Strategic change requires leadership at all levels of an organization's governance and is generally seen as a significant factor in increasing employees' commitment to change.The management of strategic change in libraries as a process has much in common with the management of strategic change in other public sector institutions. Their management in libraries is influenced by external and internal factors, in particular public policy. Among the internal factors for municipal public libraries, the process of managing changes, in general, is important, as it was common practice in Lithuanian municipalities to work in accordance with the municipal cultural policy strategy without developing a separate strategy for the development of their own, separate institution. In the current context of increasing decentralization of governance, it is increasingly the responsibility of libraries to take the initiative and take care of the long-term goals of the organization.The public libraries of two neighbouring municipalities (Akmenė district and Mažeikiai district) were selected for the research, a strategy of mixed methods was applied, combining qualitative research methods (content analysis of documents) and quantitative research methods (total questionnaire survey of both library employees except director and deputy director usingapklausa.lt, after receiving participants' consent via e-mails).Having analysed the strategic plans and activity reports of the years 2011–2021 of public libraries in municipalities of Akmenė district and Mažeikiai district, it was revealed that the most important strategic changes in the recent period correspond to the guidelines of Lithuanian cultural policy (2010) and were mostly technological changes or technological-organizational: related to building reconstructions, renovations; with the digitization of administrative management and services; with the socialization of socially excluded groups, with the increase of digital literacy of communities through education, etc. The documents testify that the public library in Mažeikiai district, during the research, already had its own strategic plan, while the public library in Akmenė district, was developing its first strategy. Different experiences of strategic management have also led to partly different expressions of strategic change management in libraries. The library in Mažeikiai district constantly performs the analysis of external factors, while the library in Akmenė district yet only intends to do so. Among the external factors, the project activities carried out by Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, including public libraries, are important in both cases. By strategizing activities, both libraries conduct the performance analysis using SWOT, highlighting similar weaknesses (limited funding for modernization), strengths (systematically training staff, modernized public library infrastructure, strong collaborative relationships with other public and county libraries).Wider cooperation with business is not yet visible. The library in Akmenė district sees the consideration of the needs of stakeholders and the use of social partners' resources as an opportunity, whereas the library in Mažeikiai district is already planning more active partnership relations, also with Lithuanian and foreign libraries.After conducting the opinion research of the employees of public libraries in Akmenė district and Mažeikiai district, the following most important aspects of the management of strategic changes in the studied municipal public libraries have been revealed:Situation– libraries undergo strategic changes initiated by external institutions through programs and projects; they have experience in implementing strategic change, communicating the results of change; there is no resistance to innovations in libraries; employees begin to be involved in strategic change management through separate sub-processes, while for the time being, managers take the lead in strategic change management; organizations lack a deeper understanding of strategic change, the competencies to initiate them involving the entire library community.Potential– employees would like to be more involved in the management of strategic change: 1) relatively good internal communication about already implemented (mostly project-based) strategic changes is revealed; 2) over 10 percent of employees are already involved in managing strategic change; 3) half of the surveyed employees feel able to offer ideas for innovations and strategic changes, the other 50 percent of employees feel "not invited" to do so; 4) Most staff feel ready to take on good practice from other (including foreign) institutions.This research has confirmed the insights of scholars and cultural strategists that public libraries today are undergoing tremendous change, making long-term perspective knowledge and strategic planning a necessity in every organization. With the growth of decentralization of management as well as the uncertainty due to global changes, in the public sector this is achieved through greater involvement of the community in governance and inter-institutional cooperation. Leadership alone is not enough.This research shows that municipal public libraries have the potential to initiate and manage strategic change themselves, as they have been involved in the implementation of changes initiated by external institutions for 10 years, there is no anti-change attitude in organizations. On the other hand, there is a lack of experience and competencies to anticipate change, initiate change, motivate employees to get involved themselves. This research also raises the debate questions that require broader research: Knowing that municipal public libraries are accustomed to working according to the programs, projects and plans coming from above, the question arises whether the current 2016-2017 legislation on improving library management approved by the Minister of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania is effective and meets today's challenges; why there is no methodological assistance to public libraries on how to improve their management. What governance structure of municipal public libraries would be conducive to increasing staff involvement in strategic change management? What managerial innovations would increase employee motivation to initiate change? ; Išsikėlus teorines prielaidas,kad strateginiais pokyčiais siekiama tobulinti organizacijos veiklą įgyvendinant nacionalinę, vietos kultūros politiką atliepiančius strateginius tikslus, kurių išsikėlime dalyvauja organizacijos bendruomenė, kad pokyčių valdyme svarbi vadovų lyderystė, jų kompetencija valdyti pokyčius, empiriniu tyrimu siekiama ištirti Lietuvos savivaldybių viešųjų bibliotekų strateginių pokyčių valdymo situaciją, įžvelgti tobulintinus aspektus. Bibliotekų vidinių dokumentų analizė bei darbuotojų apklausa parodė, kad bibliotekos geba įgyvendinti kitų inicijuotus pokyčius. Iš organizacijos vidaus pareinančioms iniciatyvoms valdyti, panaudoti turimą pozityvų nusiteikimą dalyvauti pokyčiuose trūksta strateginio valdymo, pokyčių, bendruomenės įtraukimo į pokyčių valdymą kompetencijų, motyvacijos.

The article analyzes the implementation of the transparency principle in implementing the performance audit in the municipality. The performance audit is qualified as a specific control function in order to objectively assess the functionality of public sector entities in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, initiating operational and governance advancement. It is important to investigate this object in municipalities due to the following factors: 1) according to the assessment of the transparency of Lithuanian municipalities published in 2019 by "Transparency International" of the Lithuanian branch, municipalities have become more transparent as well as the recommendations were provided to municipalities; 2) Recent research conducted in foreign countries shows broader audit opportunities for initiating positive change in organizations.The aim of the research: having established the principle of transparency as one of the most important indications of good governance, to provide for the possibilities of increasing the transparency of municipal activities during the performance audits.Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, the content of documents, qualitative analysis of the expert interview and the content of the material collected during it, and categorization.The analyzed sources show how during these two decades of developing the theoretical concept of good governance the importance of the principle of transparency has grown, it has become one of the most important features of good governance; the concept of implementing transparency in public sector organizations has developed as well. Today, the principle of operational transparency is implemented both through strictly formalized government activities and by involving citizens in public governance that requires much honesty, competencies and non-traditional solutions of civil servants. How can a performance audit contribute to this? In order to gain new insights, experts were interviewed: researchers and practicians. Recommendations from external evaluators on transparency in municipalities were used to develop the guidelines for the expert interviews. The research revealed that in municipalities it is important to create greater opportunities for the citizens to participate in monitoring and involvement in decision-making. The directions for increasing the transparency of municipal activities through performance audits that have been highlighted by experts are as follows: 1)periodic performance transparency audits by including constantly updated performance transparency criteria in the audit; 2) creation of a non-corruption organization; 3) increasing the transparency of budgeting and implementation; 4) submission of budget reports with audit conclusions; 5) attention to the clarity of the content of audit reports, diversity of accessibility; 6) periodic monitoring of the effectiveness of audit findings; 7) integration of audits of social responsibility activities into other forms of performance evaluation, thus not increasing the number of audits but seeking greater integration of the principle of transparency. The experts proposed transparency evaluation criteria that can be easily integrated into the evaluation process. ; Straipsnyje analizuojamas skaidrumo principo įgyvendinimas atliekant veiklos auditą savivaldybėje. Identifikavus skaidrumo principą kaip vieną svarbiausių gero valdymo komponentų ir privalomą pareigą jo laikytis Lietuvos Respublikos viešojo administravimo subjektams, teoriškai pagrindus veiklos audito svarbą šio principo įgyvendinime, siekiama empiriškai išsiaiškinti, kokias kitas galimybes mato ekspertai veiklos auditui įsitraukiant į savivaldybės skaidrumo didinimą. Konstruojant ekspertų interviu gaires panaudotos išorės vertintojų rekomendacijos dėl veiklos skaidrumo savivaldybėse. Ekspertų įžvalgos (formalaus požiūrio į veiklos skaidrumą atsisakymas; veiklos audito visuotinumo, sistemiškumo siekimas; socialinės atsakomybės audito integravimas į visas audituojamas veiklas savivaldybėje ir kt.) parodė platesnes veiklos audito galimybes bei atvėrė lauką tyrėjų diskusijoms.

The article analyzes the implementation of the transparency principle in implementing the performance audit in the municipality. The performance audit is qualified as a specific control function in order to objectively assess the functionality of public sector entities in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, initiating operational and governance advancement. It is important to investigate this object in municipalities due to the following factors: 1) according to the assessment of the transparency of Lithuanian municipalities published in 2019 by "Transparency International" of the Lithuanian branch, municipalities have become more transparent as well as the recommendations were provided to municipalities; 2) Recent research conducted in foreign countries shows broader audit opportunities for initiating positive change in organizations. The aim of the research: having established the principle of transparency as one of the most important indications of good governance, to provide for the possibilities of increasing the transparency of municipal activities during the performance audits. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, the content of documents, qualitative analysis of the expert interview and the content of the material collected during it, and categorization. The analyzed sources show how during these two decades of developing the theoretical concept of good governance the importance of the principle of transparency has grown, it has become one of the most important features of good governance; the concept of implementing transparency in public sector organizations has developed as well. Today, the principle of operational transparency is implemented both through strictly formalized government activities and by involving citizens in public governance that requires much honesty, competencies and non-traditional solutions of civil servants. How can a performance audit contribute to this? In order to gain new insights, experts were interviewed: researchers and practicians. Recommendations from external evaluators on transparency in municipalities were used to develop the guidelines for the expert interviews. The research revealed that in municipalities it is important to create greater opportunities for the citizens to participate in monitoring and involvement in decision-making. The directions for increasing the transparency of municipal activities through performance audits that have been highlighted by experts are as follows: 1) periodic performance transparency audits by including constantly updated performance transparency criteria in the audit; 2) creation of a non-corruption organization; 3) increasing the transparency of budgeting and implementation; 4) submission of budget reports with audit conclusions; 5) attention to the clarity of the content of audit reports, diversity of accessibility; 6) periodic monitoring of the effectiveness of audit findings; 7) integration of audits of social responsibility activities into other forms of performance evaluation, thus not increasing the number of audits but seeking greater integration of the principle of transparency. The experts proposed transparency evaluation criteria that can be easily integrated into the evaluation process.

The article analyzes the implementation of the transparency principle in implementing the performance audit in the municipality. The performance audit is qualified as a specific control function in order to objectively assess the functionality of public sector entities in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, initiating operational and governance advancement. It is important to investigate this object in municipalities due to the following factors: 1) according to the assessment of the transparency of Lithuanian municipalities published in 2019 by "Transparency International" of the Lithuanian branch, municipalities have become more transparent as well as the recommendations were provided to municipalities; 2) Recent research conducted in foreign countries shows broader audit opportunities for initiating positive change in organizations. The aim of the research: having established the principle of transparency as one of the most important indications of good governance, to provide for the possibilities of increasing the transparency of municipal activities during the performance audits. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, the content of documents, qualitative analysis of the expert interview and the content of the material collected during it, and categorization. The analyzed sources show how during these two decades of developing the theoretical concept of good governance the importance of the principle of transparency has grown, it has become one of the most important features of good governance; the concept of implementing transparency in public sector organizations has developed as well. Today, the principle of operational transparency is implemented both through strictly formalized government activities and by involving citizens in public governance that requires much honesty, competencies and non-traditional solutions of civil servants. How can a performance audit contribute to this? In order to gain new insights, experts were interviewed: researchers and practicians. Recommendations from external evaluators on transparency in municipalities were used to develop the guidelines for the expert interviews. The research revealed that in municipalities it is important to create greater opportunities for the citizens to participate in monitoring and involvement in decision-making. The directions for increasing the transparency of municipal activities through performance audits that have been highlighted by experts are as follows: 1) periodic performance transparency audits by including constantly updated performance transparency criteria in the audit; 2) creation of a non-corruption organization; 3) increasing the transparency of budgeting and implementation; 4) submission of budget reports with audit conclusions; 5) attention to the clarity of the content of audit reports, diversity of accessibility; 6) periodic monitoring of the effectiveness of audit findings; 7) integration of audits of social responsibility activities into other forms of performance evaluation, thus not increasing the number of audits but seeking greater integration of the principle of transparency. The experts proposed transparency evaluation criteria that can be easily integrated into the evaluation process.

The article analyzes the provisions of the most important international and national documents obliging public libraries to contribute to the reduction of social exclusion by meeting the informational, cultural and social needs of people with disabilities. The analysis of scientific literature reveals that the process of social inclusion requires changes in library activities and is associated with innovation. This process demands appropriate management, while the implemented changes should include activities associated with the key elements of an inclusive library – organizational management, accessibility of library services and environment, improved staff competences, collaboration with organizations representing disabled people and promotion of services. The article presents the results of the analysis of activity documents (2014-2019 annual activity plans and reports) of Šiauliai region libraries. This analysis enables to assess the readiness of libraries to become inclusive organizations for people with disabilities and to evaluate the current situation of initiation, implementation and consolidation of activities related to library services for people with disabilities from the perspective of change management.

Purpose and Originality: This study aims to analyse the concept of an inclusive and socially responsible library, to develop the theoretical model of an inclusive library for people with disabilities, and to investigate the practical possibilities for implementing this model in regional libraries in order to reduce social exclusion of people with disabilities and to increase their social inclusion. The paper presents the results of empirical research conducted in two counties of Lithuania. Based on the results of the interviews of heads of libraries and heads of organizations representing people with disabilities, the model of an inclusive library was supplemented and the change management of an inclusive library was actualized. Method: The methods of this study are based on stakeholder theory (Dangi & Gribb, 2018, pp. 339–341; Harrison, Freeman & Abreu, 2015, pp. 859–860; Lipiński & Jamro, 2018, p. 225), where the management of stakeholders involves meeting their needs and ensuring their well being. The theoretical part of the research uses the methods of scientific literature analysis, generalization, and systematization, which enabled to theoretically define the concept of an inclusive public library for people with disabilities, substantiate the instrument of the empirical research, and discuss the results of the empirical research. In the empirical part, a qualitative method of e-mail interviews was chosen to conduct the opinion survey of organizations representing people with disabilities and heads of libraries. The obtained results were analysed, then the theoretical model of an inclusive library was supplemented with practical insights of the empirical research. Results: The results of the research showed that a changing public attitude towards public services and their accessibility (expectation is greater accessibility and diversity) stipulates the change in the roles of budget-based libraries and preconditions the development of an inclusive library for people with disabilities. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings obtained during the research, the model of an inclusive library for people with disabilities was developed and substantiated. Also, it was proved that the development of an inclusive library for people with disabilities requires the change management which involves stakeholders, i.e. representatives of people with disabilities and institutions implementing public policy at the national and local level, into all stages of the transformation process to become an inclusive organization for people with disabilities. Society: This study highlights the need to increase the social inclusion of libraries to meet the needs of all stakeholders, including people with disabilities. Increasing the social inclusion of libraries can reduce the social exclusion of people with disabilities and promote their inclusion in the community and society in broad terms. An inclusive library creates added value for society and contributes to the implementation of social justice. Limitations / further research: The empirical research was conducted in two counties of Lithuania (Šiauliai and Telšiai), involving 10 libraries. Because budget-based libraries in Lithuania have a similar management structure, operate on the grounds of the same strategic documents of the Republic of Lithuania, have similar opportunities provided by the Government and the Ministry of Culture to engage in innovative activities and address social problems, the results of the empirical research can be applied at the national level, except for the capital region, which should be investigated separately due to the high concentration of specialized libraries and the National Library. It would also be useful to analyse the best practices of other European countries whose libraries have made the largest progress in promoting social inclusion.

Purpose and Originality: This study aims to analyse the concept of an inclusive and socially responsible library, to develop the theoretical model of an inclusive library for people with disabilities, and to investigate the practical possibilities for implementing this model in regional libraries in order to reduce social exclusion of people with disabilities and to increase their social inclusion. The paper presents the results of empirical research conducted in two counties of Lithuania. Based on the results of the interviews of heads of libraries and heads of organizations representing people with disabilities, the model of an inclusive library was supplemented and the change management of an inclusive library was actualized. Method: The methods of this study are based on stakeholder theory (Dangi & Gribb, 2018, pp. 339–341; Harrison, Freeman & Abreu, 2015, pp. 859–860; Lipiński & Jamro, 2018, p. 225), where the management of stakeholders involves meeting their needs and ensuring their well being. The theoretical part of the research uses the methods of scientific literature analysis, generalization, and systematization, which enabled to theoretically define the concept of an inclusive public library for people with disabilities, substantiate the instrument of the empirical research, and discuss the results of the empirical research. In the empirical part, a qualitative method of e-mail interviews was chosen to conduct the opinion survey of organizations representing people with disabilities and heads of libraries. The obtained results were analysed, then the theoretical model of an inclusive library was supplemented with practical insights of the empirical research. Results: The results of the research showed that a changing public attitude towards public services and their accessibility (expectation is greater accessibility and diversity) stipulates the change in the roles of budget-based libraries and preconditions the development of an inclusive library for people with disabilities. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings obtained during the research, the model of an inclusive library for people with disabilities was developed and substantiated. Also, it was proved that the development of an inclusive library for people with disabilities requires the change management which involves stakeholders, i.e. representatives of people with disabilities and institutions implementing public policy at the national and local level, into all stages of the transformation process to become an inclusive organization for people with disabilities. Society: This study highlights the need to increase the social inclusion of libraries to meet the needs of all stakeholders, including people with disabilities. Increasing the social inclusion of libraries can reduce the social exclusion of people with disabilities and promote their inclusion in the community and society in broad terms. An inclusive library creates added value for society and contributes to the implementation of social justice. Limitations / further research: The empirical research was conducted in two counties of Lithuania (Šiauliai and Telšiai), involving 10 libraries. Because budget-based libraries in Lithuania have a similar management structure, operate on the grounds of the same strategic documents of the Republic of Lithuania, have similar opportunities provided by the Government and the Ministry of Culture to engage in innovative activities and address social problems, the results of the empirical research can be applied at the national level, except for the capital region, which should be investigated separately due to the high concentration of specialized libraries and the National Library. It would also be useful to analyse the best practices of other European countries whose libraries have made the largest progress in promoting social inclusion.

A smart society starts from pre-school age. Aiming to implement the National Education Strategy for 2013–2022, the considerable attention is paid to the involvement of children into pre-school education, where their individual skills would be more actively disclosed. It is therefore essential to develop alternatives within education system, which would be accessible, attractive and valuable to those groups of society that are currently not sufficiently enough involved into education. Considering that the economic well-being of the Republic of Lithuania is growing and the employment is increasing, the requirements for the quality and availability of public services are increasing in the society, it is worth to be mentioned that Lithuanian society also expects more accessibility and quality of services in pre-school education institutions.The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of new ways and channels of delivering public service in pre-school education institutions. Having conducted the content analysis of scientific literature and synthesis of ideas substantiated with scientific analysis as well as having conducted qualitative research in pre-school education institutions of Mažeikiai County Municipality, the research is based on the case of Mažeikiai county.The selection of the research object – public services in pre-school education institutions and their delivery ways and channels – is based on the aim of education policy to increase the accessibility, repeatability, individualization of services for early education as well as the increasing interest in modern ways of service delivery in Lithuania, by combining direct and indirect service delivery channels. In the second decade of the 21st century, scientists' attention paid to the personalization and particularity of the service is increasing, as the user's needs and the supplier's possibilities are growing. Innovative technical channels and a whole set of instruments are increasingly being used to personalize services (A. Patapas, V. Vilutytė-Žilienė, 2013, pp. 312–325; A. Jonas, 2016, p. 206).Services are often available through several different distribution channels, which, according to L. Bagdonienė et al. (2004), are understood as the chains of entities (individuals and organizations) involved in the delivery of services and performing specific functions. There are two types of service delivery channels – direct and indirect (through intermediaries) – distinguished by authors, and on the basis of the latest scientific literature, we have included one more channel, when both channels are combined. Direct service delivery may be provided at the provider's institution or in the consumer's location, or some services may be provided at either location. Meanwhile, the indirect service channel can take many forms, whose structures are rapidly changing and they are increasingly complex, with active use of e-services, m-services and smart services.In Lithuania,10-15 years ago, direct education services included all educational services (education and care, educational assistance, parent education, etc.) and most of social services (nutrition, health care, social and psychological assistance, ensuring of physical, social and emotional security, family support, etc.). Today, we are talking about combining these channels and the increasing involvement of stakeholders and social partners into service delivery. In this way, modern service delivery channels could be: 1) alternative to the traditional channel (direct service delivery at the provider's institution or at the recipient's home) when digital technologies are used, according to the provider's choice or the recipient's choice, 2) chains and networks created by inter-institutional co-operation and partnership, when educational and social services are delivered both directly (recreational services for children and family, temporary education and care, child care centres, babysitting services, social and psychological assistance in pre-school education institution or at home, etc.) and indirectly (e-communication with parents, informing about health, social support from local authorities, issues on children's rights, supply of extracurricular activities, involvement in local community activities, etc.), usually by coordinating delivery channels.The analysis of the material collected during the semi-structured interview (six heads of pre-school education institutions in Mažeikiai county and one specialist from education department who works with kindergartens were interviewed) allowed to distinguish the following particularities and perspectives of the delivery of modern pre-school education services: Delayed political decisions are among the external factors that hinder the increased use of modern services and delivery channels. The process is promoted by opportunities created by information technology and migration, as emigrants returning to Lithuania want new, more diverse services for their children. Of the internal factors that influence the development of modern services, the competence of the staff of pre-school education institution is the most significant. At present, it is of paramount importance in educational services, without avoiding to introduce alternative educational programs. There is active learning to ensure the social and emotional safety of children, but there is the lack of deeper understanding and readiness to provide family support services and work with at-risk families. Inter-institutional cooperation is important in service supply chain. It has increased in providing educational, physical, emotional security services for a child; there is the lack of active social interaction with other institutions in providing family support and social security services. Through the combination of direct and indirect service delivery channels, the use of digital technologies is important, and informants see their potential in increasing access to services, increasing diversity of services, reducing the disparity in service availability between urban and rural areas, and creating new quality of education. In Lithuania, it has not been prepared so far for the model of pre-school education at home and family support, and during the transitional period there would be an approval for mobile kindergarten groups. Nanny service, as an alternative service to early childhood education, is provided only in exceptional situations, and it would be viable in the cities and its funding should be complex; the pedagogical and value competence of a nanny is important as well. ; Straipsnyje pristatomas naujų viešųjų paslaugų teikimo būdų ir kanalų galimybių tyrimas ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose. Prie naujų paslaugų teikimo būdų priskyrus tuos, kuriuose derinami tiesioginis ir netiesioginis paslaugų teikimo kanalai, analizuojama tokių paslaugų situacija Lietuvoje ir kitose ES valstybėse. Pasitelkus kokybinio tyrimo strategiją, išsiaiškinti pagrindiniai procesus skatinantys ir juos stabdantys veiksniai.

A smart society starts from pre-school age. Aiming to implement the National Education Strategy for 2013–2022, the considerable attention is paid to the involvement of children into pre-school education, where their individual skills would be more actively disclosed. It is therefore essential to develop alternatives within education system, which would be accessible, attractive and valuable to those groups of society that are currently not sufficiently enough involved into education. Considering that the economic well-being of the Republic of Lithuania is growing and the employment is increasing, the requirements for the quality and availability of public services are increasing in the society, it is worth to be mentioned that Lithuanian society also expects more accessibility and quality of services in pre-school education institutions. The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of new ways and channels of delivering public service in pre-school education institutions. Having conducted the content analysis of scientific literature and synthesis of ideas substantiated with scientific analysis as well as having conducted qualitative research in pre-school education institutions of Mažeikiai County Municipality, the research is based on the case of Mažeikiai county. The selection of the research object – public services in pre-school education institutions and their delivery ways and channels – is based on the aim of education policy to increase the accessibility, repeatability, individualization of services for early education as well as the increasing interest in modern ways of service delivery in Lithuania, by combining direct and indirect service delivery channels. In the second decade of the 21st century, scientists' attention paid to the personalization and particularity of the service is increasing, as the user's needs and the supplier's possibilities are growing. Innovative technical channels and a whole set of instruments are increasingly being used to personalize services (A. Patapas, V. Vilutytė-Žilienė, 2013, pp. 312–325; A. Jonas, 2016, p. 206). Services are often available through several different distribution channels, which, according to L. Bagdonienė et al. (2004), are understood as the chains of entities (individuals and organizations) involved in the delivery of services and performing specific functions. There are two types of service delivery channels – direct and indirect (through intermediaries) – distinguished by authors, and on the basis of the latest scientific literature, we have included one more channel, when both channels are combined. Direct service delivery may be provided at the provider's institution or in the consumer's location, or some services may be provided at either location. Meanwhile, the indirect service channel can take many forms, whose structures are rapidly changing and they are increasingly complex, with active use of e-services, m-services and smart services. In Lithuania,10-15 years ago, direct education services included all educational services (education and care, educational assistance, parent education, etc.) and most of social services (nutrition, health care, social and psychological assistance, ensuring of physical, social and emotional security, family support, etc.). Today, we are talking about combining these channels and the increasing involvement of stakeholders and social partners into service delivery. In this way, modern service delivery channels could be: 1) alternative to the traditional channel (direct service delivery at the provider's institution or at the recipient's home) when digital technologies are used, according to the provider's choice or the recipient's choice, 2) chains and networks created by inter-institutional co-operation and partnership, when educational and social services are delivered both directly (recreational services for children and family, temporary education and care, child care centres, babysitting services, social and psychological assistance in pre-school education institution or at home, etc.) and indirectly (e-communication with parents, informing about health, social support from local authorities, issues on children's rights, supply of extracurricular activities, involvement in local community activities, etc.), usually by coordinating delivery channels. The analysis of the material collected during the semi-structured interview (six heads of pre-school education institutions in Mažeikiai county and one specialist from education department who works with kindergartens were interviewed) allowed to distinguish the following particularities and perspectives of the delivery of modern pre-school education services: 1. Delayed political decisions are among the external factors that hinder the increased use of modern services and delivery channels. The process is promoted by opportunities created by information technology and migration, as emigrants returning to Lithuania want new, more diverse services for their children. 2. Of the internal factors that influence the development of modern services, the competence of the staff of pre-school education institution is the most significant. At present, it is of paramount importance in educational services, without avoiding to introduce alternative educational programs. There is active learning to ensure the social and emotional safety of children, but there is the lack of deeper understanding and readiness to provide family support services and work with at-risk families. 3. Inter-institutional cooperation is important in service supply chain. It has increased in providing educational, physical, emotional security services for a child; there is the lack of active social interaction with other institutions in providing family support and social security services. 4. Through the combination of direct and indirect service delivery channels, the use of digital technologies is important, and informants see their potential in increasing access to services, increasing diversity of services, reducing the disparity in service availability between urban and rural areas, and creating new quality of education. 5. In Lithuania, it has not been prepared so far for the model of pre-school education at home and family support, and during the transitional period there would be an approval for mobile kindergarten groups. 6. Nanny service, as an alternative service to early childhood education, is provided only in exceptional situations, and it would be viable in the cities and its funding should be complex; the pedagogical and value competence of a nanny is important as well.

A smart society starts from pre-school age. Aiming to implement the National Education Strategy for 2013–2022, the considerable attention is paid to the involvement of children into pre-school education, where their individual skills would be more actively disclosed. It is therefore essential to develop alternatives within education system, which would be accessible, attractive and valuable to those groups of society that are currently not sufficiently enough involved into education. Considering that the economic well-being of the Republic of Lithuania is growing and the employment is increasing, the requirements for the quality and availability of public services are increasing in the society, it is worth to be mentioned that Lithuanian society also expects more accessibility and quality of services in pre-school education institutions. The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of new ways and channels of delivering public service in pre-school education institutions. Having conducted the content analysis of scientific literature and synthesis of ideas substantiated with scientific analysis as well as having conducted qualitative research in pre-school education institutions of Mažeikiai County Municipality, the research is based on the case of Mažeikiai county. The selection of the research object – public services in pre-school education institutions and their delivery ways and channels – is based on the aim of education policy to increase the accessibility, repeatability, individualization of services for early education as well as the increasing interest in modern ways of service delivery in Lithuania, by combining direct and indirect service delivery channels. In the second decade of the 21st century, scientists' attention paid to the personalization and particularity of the service is increasing, as the user's needs and the supplier's possibilities are growing. Innovative technical channels and a whole set of instruments are increasingly being used to personalize services (A. Patapas, V. Vilutytė-Žilienė, 2013, pp. 312–325; A. Jonas, 2016, p. 206). Services are often available through several different distribution channels, which, according to L. Bagdonienė et al. (2004), are understood as the chains of entities (individuals and organizations) involved in the delivery of services and performing specific functions. There are two types of service delivery channels – direct and indirect (through intermediaries) – distinguished by authors, and on the basis of the latest scientific literature, we have included one more channel, when both channels are combined. Direct service delivery may be provided at the provider's institution or in the consumer's location, or some services may be provided at either location. Meanwhile, the indirect service channel can take many forms, whose structures are rapidly changing and they are increasingly complex, with active use of e-services, m-services and smart services. In Lithuania,10-15 years ago, direct education services included all educational services (education and care, educational assistance, parent education, etc.) and most of social services (nutrition, health care, social and psychological assistance, ensuring of physical, social and emotional security, family support, etc.). Today, we are talking about combining these channels and the increasing involvement of stakeholders and social partners into service delivery. In this way, modern service delivery channels could be: 1) alternative to the traditional channel (direct service delivery at the provider's institution or at the recipient's home) when digital technologies are used, according to the provider's choice or the recipient's choice, 2) chains and networks created by inter-institutional co-operation and partnership, when educational and social services are delivered both directly (recreational services for children and family, temporary education and care, child care centres, babysitting services, social and psychological assistance in pre-school education institution or at home, etc.) and indirectly (e-communication with parents, informing about health, social support from local authorities, issues on children's rights, supply of extracurricular activities, involvement in local community activities, etc.), usually by coordinating delivery channels. The analysis of the material collected during the semi-structured interview (six heads of pre-school education institutions in Mažeikiai county and one specialist from education department who works with kindergartens were interviewed) allowed to distinguish the following particularities and perspectives of the delivery of modern pre-school education services: 1. Delayed political decisions are among the external factors that hinder the increased use of modern services and delivery channels. The process is promoted by opportunities created by information technology and migration, as emigrants returning to Lithuania want new, more diverse services for their children. 2. Of the internal factors that influence the development of modern services, the competence of the staff of pre-school education institution is the most significant. At present, it is of paramount importance in educational services, without avoiding to introduce alternative educational programs. There is active learning to ensure the social and emotional safety of children, but there is the lack of deeper understanding and readiness to provide family support services and work with at-risk families. 3. Inter-institutional cooperation is important in service supply chain. It has increased in providing educational, physical, emotional security services for a child; there is the lack of active social interaction with other institutions in providing family support and social security services. 4. Through the combination of direct and indirect service delivery channels, the use of digital technologies is important, and informants see their potential in increasing access to services, increasing diversity of services, reducing the disparity in service availability between urban and rural areas, and creating new quality of education. 5. In Lithuania, it has not been prepared so far for the model of pre-school education at home and family support, and during the transitional period there would be an approval for mobile kindergarten groups. 6. Nanny service, as an alternative service to early childhood education, is provided only in exceptional situations, and it would be viable in the cities and its funding should be complex; the pedagogical and value competence of a nanny is important as well.

In recent years, in the Lithuanian science (Sakalauskas, 2007–2017; Uscila, 2012, 2015; Vaičiūnienė, 2017, etc.) and in the policy of custodial sentences, in terms of convicts' social integration into society, in addition to the concept social rehabilitation, a wider term resocialization is used, as well as the differences between these concepts are perceived. Resocialization covers a wider context, and a number of assumptions determine the success of the resocialization of a convict in the imprisonment institutions. The implementation of resocialization requires not only the material and human resources of statutory institutions. In order to succeed in integrating a person into the society, a personalized access, the motivation of a convicted person himself/herself to change his/her behaviour have become important, the forces of enforcement authorities, the society (NGOs, volunteers, etc.), the continuing assistance to the person upon his/her release have been concentrated.Lithuania is taking the first steps in systematically managing the resocialization of imprisoned persons. Institutions of imprisonment face major challenges, because the successful rehabilitation of convicts requires the creation of appropriate conditions (close to life under release), to have the competent staff capable to identify the most serious motives of an offender and to individualize their needs to change, to have well-thought out programs of social adaptation, employment, etc., for whose implementation it is necessary to attract more people. Large public funds imply the need to assess whether the process of resocialization is effective.Summarizing the indicators which are currently used in imprisonment institutions and discussed by scholars as inadequate for assessing the effectiveness of resocialization (reduction of crime recidivism, the number of social rehabilitation programs and the number of convicts involved in them, the number of employees who acquired the competences necessary for the implementation of social rehabilitation process, etc.), the question is raised how to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of resocialization. Having found that the researchers (Schapland, Bottoms, Farrall, McNeill, Priede, Robinson, 2012) of the countries (Germany, England, the USA), which have best practices in the resocialization of convicts, advocate the use of subjective research in assessing the effectiveness of the resocialization process in imprisonment institutions, the survey was carried out in Šiauliai Interrogation Isolator to assess the effectiveness of the process of the social integration of convicts into society (the purpose of resocialization).For the survey carried out at the beginning of 2017, 397 men and women, who were imprisoned in Šiauliai Interrogation Isolator (hereinafter ŠII, the Isolator), were selected as the respondents. Answers to questions were provided by 279 respondents. The content of the quantitative research was expressed in five main thematic groups of questions: demographic, the evaluation of the activities of the Isolator social rehabilitation specialists, the change of services provided by an organization and their management, the efficiency of resocialization and social rehabilitation, and the influence of the environment on the convict's resocialization.The structural composition of the 279 respondents according to gender is as follows: 95% of them indicated "a man", 5% – "a woman". According to the age, the persons of 18–40 years old (76%) prevailed in the research. Other age groups: 22% (41–55 years old) and more than 1% (56 years old and over). According to the education, a significant part of persons (47.7%) have the basic education, others have vocational (22.9%) and primary (21.5%) education. Out of them, 22 persons (7.9%) claimed that they have higher education (most of them were the arrested). Furthermore, 49.8 % of persons are imprisoned for the first time, 48.7% of respondents indicated, that they had served the custodial sentence before, the rest of the convicts did not mark this point in the questionnaire. In the research, the convicts were divided into: arrested persons, sentenced persons and sentenced persons to imprisonment.The results of the research showed that in this research we once again have actualized the strategic tasks of the last years of Lithuanian imprisonment institutions in the implementation of resocialization; we have indicated the strengths and weaknesses of an individual institution (in this case, in ŠII) in implementing the resocialization of the convicts; we have received the feedback from convicts about the quality and needs of the social rehabilitation measures implemented by Šiauliai Interrogation Isolator.Obviously, convicts see the benefits of resocialization for convicts in general and for themselves. In assessing critically the inadequate preparation of staff for the effective implementation of the planned social rehabilitation measures, the domestic and physical infrastructure of the interrogation isolator, the convicts are in favour of various employment opportunities (mostly work activity, physical education) and primarily organized in the open air. They appreciate the efforts of the heads of the social rehabilitation units devoted for their resocialization, however, they would like to get more of psychological help.Summing up the ideas provided by convicts, it is clear that in Šiauliai Interrogation Isolator, which until 2026, will be moved from the city centre of Šiauliai to the modern complex in Šiauliai district, the changes are necessary. The officials' attitude towards the convicts has to change as well: the respondents who participated in the survey noted the unacceptable behaviour of the officials with the convicts. Household and physical conditions that respect human dignity are necessary. More help from psychologists and the examples of best practices are needed. The effectiveness of resocialization would be increased by meeting the demand for employment, and more employment measures in the open air. Developing democratic processes in the society should make it easier for convicts to take part in decision-making on their household conditions, employment programs, etc., to carry out a wider campaign of information on the possibility of convicts to learn, because currently only a small percentage of convicts use the adult learning centre established in the Isolator. ; Įkalinimo įstaigoms tenka iššūkis parengti kalinamąjį socialiai integruotis į visuomenę. Resocializacijos, vykdomos laisvės atėmimo įstaigoje, veiksmingumo vertinimas tampa diskusijų objektu. Nebepakanka kiekybinių rodiklių ir labiausiai paplitusio kriterijaus – nusikaltimo recidyvo sumažėjimo kalinamajam išėjus į laisvę. Remiantis mokslininkų požiūriu, kad pravartu tirti patį resocializacijos procesą ir net subjektyvias jos dalyvių nuomones, Šiaulių tardymo izoliatoriuje buvo atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas. Kalinamųjų apklausa parodė per paskutinius metus čia vykdomos kalinčiųjų resocializacijos pažangą. Taip pat išryškinti ir proceso veiksmingumą mažinantys veiksniai: netenkinančios buitinės sąlygos, psichologinės pagalbos trūkumas, nuteistąjį žeminantis personalo elgesys, resocializacijai reikalingų išteklių (paslaugas organizuojančių ir teikiančių darbuotojų kompetencijų, infrastruktūros) nepakankamumas ir kt.

Education is one of the key areas in the development of a democratic state. Educational institutions and organizations are keen on innovations, therefore, certain public administration initiatives are often primarily and successfully implemented here. This also applies to the assessment of managers' competencies and the development of leadership competencies as well. In recent decades, Lithuanian scientists have been intensively analyzing the experience gained in other countries while evaluating competencies of the heads of educational institutions and actively participating in the development of competence assessment tools. At present, the state of Lithuania has reached the stage where the assessment systems have already been tested and improved several times. Currently, applying the analytical content analysis of theoretical sources and other resources alongside, the aim is to summarize the developmental process of the manager's competence assessment in Lithuania in 1998–2018, and highlight the key factors that have influenced the changing evaluation criteria.Having acknowledged the research-based truths (the manager's competence assessment is necessary for the long-term effectiveness of the institutional activities; direct link between the results of an institution and the competencies of its leader is obvious; the content of the competency-packet necessary in order to control the continuous management is inclined to change; the LR evaluation system currently applied to the executivemanagers needs improvement; the LR system for improving managerial competencies of educational institution leaders is still being created, etc.), the necessity of regular periodical competence assessment and the need to constantly review the evaluation criteria and the models, seeking to improve them, are perceived.According to M. Fullan (1991), the most significant factor influencing the change in educational reforms is political, as educational reforms require a lot of resources. The analysis of the competence assessment of educational institution managers performed in the Republic of Lithuania confirms this statement. The need for high-level managerial competency-packet is highlighted in the following documents: programs of the main political parties seeking power over 20 years; Government programs of the Republic of Lithuania; educational strategies developed as part of the educational management structure; programs initiated, etc. The influence of EU education policy is obvious. The EU institutions provide general guidance to Member States, however, the initial training of educational institution managers and the improvement of their qualifications, the competence requirements and the recruitment procedures for the leaders/heads of educational institutions as well as their further career options are treated as an individual country's project.Having in mind the practical division of the implementation of Lithuanian educational reform into separate stages that is taken for granted in the Lithuanian educational management, we are constantly monitoring the continuous improvement of the management assessment process: 1990–1997. Reorganization of the Education System; requirements for the qualifications of the educational institution managers were regulated by the Law on Education of the Republic of Lithuania (1991). 1998–2002. The period was marked by the introduction of managerial attestation based on the three categories of a manager's competence associated with the degree of change in the supervised institution. In accordance with the procedure approved by the Order of the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania "Qualification Requirements for Heads of State and Municipal Educational Institutions, their Appointment and Dismissal" (1998) that contains the main general and special requirements for applicants. The document of 1999 was supplemented with detailed descriptions of advantages and areas of the professional competency-packet of a manager and the updated managerial competence. 2003–2012. The competencies of the head of an educational institution were described and the competence assessment started to be applied to recruitment according to the description of competencies. The requirements were presented in the "List of Qualification Requirements for Heads of Schools of all Types (except higher education institutions)" (2005). Essential and obligatory managerial competencies were described in the "Competence Profile of the School Head" (2007). The document "Description of Managerial Qualification Requirements for State and Municipal Educational Institutions (except higher education institutions)" (2011) identified the leadership competence areas and the general competence areas and the managerial assessment (self-evaluation of one's performance and skills when working with people). General competencies make the assessment of school managers closer to the civil servants' assessment. The current period (2013–2022). Competence requirements for the general education school heads are as follows: Master's degree; 5 Competence Levels of management in the educational institution; mastered level B1 of one of the EU working languages; requirement for an impeccable reputation, etc. The system of competence assessment has been implemented since 2011, and it has constantly been improved until this day, 2018. In 2011, the centralized model was implemented (evaluation performed by the National School Assessment Agency). In 2015–2017, the 2-stage assessment model was introduced according to which the institution authorized by the Ministry started evaluating most of the general competencies, and the organizer of the competition rated most of the competence assessment in the management areas. In 2018, a different level was set for each compulsory competence. At present, the variety of evaluation methods and forms is increasing, requirements for the assessors are getting higher, and social partners are participating as the assessment commission members. Performed developmental analysis shows the growing requirements for the institutional management and leadership and the ability to work with local authorities as well as local and foreign partners. Improvement of the managerial assessment in the Lithuanian Republic is carried out in a consistent manner, and it is linked to the assessment of civil servants' competencies. These processes match up with the political decisions of the state. Influence of the researchers working in the field of public administration and leadership is evident in the formation of the managerial assessment system as well as in the creation of a system for the managers' development. ; Straipsnyje pristatyta Lietuvos Respublikos švietimo įstaigų vadovų kompetencijų vertinimo kaita, aptarti pagrindiniai politiniai veiksniai, turėję įtakos tiems pokyčiams 1990–2018 m.: Nepriklausomybės atgavimas, siekis tapti ES nare, LR švietimo reformos, LR viešojo valdymo reformos, vadybos ir viešojo administravimo, švietimo vadybos, lyderystės mokslų plėtra Lietuvoje, gerosios ES šalių patirtys. Švietimo įstaigos vadovo pareigybei keliami reikalavimai ir tolesnės mokyklų vadovų karjeros galimybės Europos kontekste parodo galimą vadovų kompetencijų vertinimo sistemos tobulinimo Lietuvoje kryptingumą. Metodai: mokslinės literatūros ir kitų šaltinių kokybinė turinio analizė, apibendrinimas.